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一、磁盘格式化(上)
1、centos7系统支持的文件系统格式有:[root@linux-01 ~]# cat /etc/filesystemsxfs //系统默认支持的系统格式,例如/ /boot分区都是xfs格式ext4 //centos6系统默认的文件系统格式ext3 //centos6系统之前的文件系统格式ext2 //更早之前的版本nodev procnodev devptsiso9660vfathfshfsplus*2、查看一个分区的文件系统是什么格式:使用mount命令
[root@linux-01 ~]# mountsysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=490012k,nr_inodes=122503,mode=755)securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)/dev/sda3 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=30,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=12732)mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99972k,mode=700)3、 mke2fs命令:指定文件系统格式
-t选项:指定格式化后文件系统的格式-b:指定块大小例:[root@linux-01 ~]# mke2fs -b 2048 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=2048 (log=1)Fragment size=2048 (log=1)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks196608 inodes, 1572864 blocks78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=53896806496 block groups16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group2048 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done4、使用ls -l命令和du -sh命令查看空文件的大小显示都一样为0字节
例:[root@linux-01 ~]# ls -ltotal 8-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 65 Mar 29 01:12 11.txtdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 32 Mar 30 06:49 123-rwx------. 1 root root 0 Mar 28 08:20 2.txt-rw-------. 1 root root 2331 Mar 28 09:02 anaconda-ks.cfg.1[root@linux-01 ~]# du -sh 2.txt0 2.txt但是如果文件有内容,但实际小于4KB的文件,ls -l显示文件的真实大小,du -sh命令显示为4KB,因为这个文件单独占用了一个块,这个块大小最小为4KB,du -sb命令和ls -l命令查看到的文件大小是一致的例:[root@linux-01 ~]# echo 1 > 2.txt //为2.txt追加一个字符串[root@linux-01 ~]# ls -ltotal 12-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 65 Mar 29 01:12 11.txtdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 32 Mar 30 06:49 123-rwx------. 1 root root 2 Apr 10 22:22 2.txt //ls -l命令显示文件大小为2字节-rw-------. 1 root root 2331 Mar 28 09:02 anaconda-ks.cfg.1[root@linux-01 ~]# du -sh 2.txt4.0K 2.txt //du -sh命令显示大小为4KB[root@linux-01 ~]# du -sb 2.txt //du -sb命令显示大小为2字节2 2.txt5、将分区格式化为ext4格式的文件系统:使用mke2fs命令
[root@linux-01 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 或者 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 //效果一样mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks196608 inodes, 786432 blocks39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=80530636824 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (16384 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done6、将sdb1分区格式设置为xfs文件系统:
[root@linux-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=786432, imaxpct=25= sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=07、查看没有挂载到挂载点的分区:
[root@linux-01 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1/dev/sdb1: UUID="961b34ec-4b1d-402a-ada7-b6766130220c" TYPE="xfs"二、磁盘格式化(下)
1、 mkfs.ext4 == mk2fs -t ext4 (目前唯一不足的是mk2fs -t 不支持xfs格式)2、-m选项:指定这个分区预留的空间大小
3、mke2fs -i命令:-i选项指定多少个字节对应一个inode(如果需要更多indoe,将-i后面的数字改小,最低1个块对应1个indoe)blocks数是inodes数的2倍,之前blocks数是inodes数的4倍转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/13669226/2096766